Start a large pot of water over medium to medium-high heat so it’s ready for the pasta later.
Cook the peas according to package directions but only for about half the suggested time, just enough to defrost. Set aside.
Preheat the oven to 350°F.
Melt the butter in a large saucepan, sauté pan, or pot. Once melted and foamy, add the sliced mushrooms. Cook for 7–8 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the mushrooms soften and most of their liquid has evaporated.
Add the cream of mushroom soup, broth, garlic powder, onion powder, and black pepper. Stir until everything is combined and the sauce is smooth.
Raise the heat and bring the sauce to a simmer. Once simmering, lower the heat to low, cover, and cook for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking.
Bring the pasta water to a full boil. Add the salt, then the spaghetti. Cook according to package directions for al dente. Drain well and set aside.
Turn your attention back to the sauce. Turn off the heat, then stir in the cooked turkey and peas. The cooler ingredients will help lower the temperature of the sauce.
Once the sauce has cooled slightly, stir in the sour cream until smooth.
Use an extra-large bowl or the same large pot you cooked the pasta in. Combine the spaghetti with the creamy sauce, 1 cup mozzarella, and 2 tablespoons Parmesan. Toss until everything is well coated.
Transfer the mixture to a large baking dish (about 2.7 to 3 quarts) and cover loosely with foil.
Bake for 25–30 minutes, or until hot and bubbly around the edges.
Remove the foil and top with the remaining ½ cup mozzarella and 1 tablespoon Parmesan. Bake for an additional 3–5 minutes, until the cheese is melted.
Let the casserole rest for a few minutes after baking. This helps the sauce settle and makes it easier to scoop neat portions.
Garnish with parsley, if using. Serve and enjoy.